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Package & Dependency Basics

Understand how projects install, pin, and manage external libraries.

Core terms

  • Dependency: External package needed at runtime
  • devDependency: Package needed only for development/build
  • Lockfile: File that pins exact install versions
  • requirements.txt: Python package list file

Node ecosystem

  • package.json: Dependencies and scripts definition
  • package-lock.json: Exact resolved versions
  • npm install: Install dependencies

Python ecosystem

  • pip install fastapi: Install package
  • requirements.txt: Versioned dependency list
  • Use virtual environments to isolate per-project dependencies

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Last updated: October 7, 2026 · Version: v0.0.1

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